Instead, they may be more directly influenced by local, regional, or even international governmental bodies. This branch of sociology defines new state spaces as geographical spaces that are not governed simply by national governments. Recent sociological work has argued that, with globalization, relevant political borders are changing. But states are not necessary the same as nations, and state boundaries will not necessarily always be the same as national boundaries. Political borders: A border is a geographical boundary of political entities or legal jurisdictions.įor the last couple centuries, states have been largely coterminous with nations: the two tend to overlap.Global city: A global city (also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center) is a city generally considered to be an important node in the global economic system.At the beginning of 2007, 27 member nations were Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. European Union: A supranational organization created in the 1950s to bring the nations of Europe into closer economic and political connection.
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